32位(x86)或64位(x64)处理器版本的分别
<font style="font-weight: bold;" size="5"><span style="color: Blue;">现在大家普遍用的32位系统,包括32位OS,CPU和应用程序,所谓32位,主要是寻址能力。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">32位系统下,一个内存指针长32个bit,2^32=4294967296=4GB,也就是说32位指针最多可以访问4GB内存。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
而大多数的系统设备,比如IDE/SATA/RAID控制器,网卡,声卡等,也是32位,有些用DMA直接访问内存的设备,比如硬盘,也只能访问最多4GB内存。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
但以上这个限制只是理论值,实际最大内存还要看操作系统,比如XP 32位版里每个应用程序最多可以使用2GB内存,如果在boot.ini中打开3GB模式的话,可以最多使用3GB。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
而之前看到黑毛前辈的帖子"winxp-64单进程内存使用极限测试。"中提到内存使用3.75GB时(3GB物理内存)系统报警,并且反映迟缓,原因是
内存需求超过物理内存时,系统开始不断换页(paging,把物理内存里不用的内容写到硬盘交换文件上),大量的硬盘访问造成的。而且这个3.75GB使
用量,也不是Cubase一个进程吧?应该还有很多系统进程和后台进程。没有理解错的话Cubase使用的内存量应该不会超过2GB的。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
现在出来64位系统了,包括使用AMD 64或Imtel EM64T技术的处理器,这些处理器可以同时运行32位和64位的应用程序。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
如果使用64位内存指针,理论上的最大内存是2^64(16
exabyte,很大的一个数目哦),不过只有专为64位设计的应用程序(我知道有x64版的Sonar,官方说支持1024GB内存)才可能享受这个待
遇。不过根据Cakewalk FAQ,Sonar
x64版要求插件必须是64位,其中DX,DXi的设计就是支持64位,所以所有这些插件可以继续使用,而32位的VST,VSTi就无法继续用了。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
如果在64位系统中运行旧的32位程序,比如Cubase,那仍然只能访问2GB内存,因为程序的二进制代码还是32位的,对那些应用程序,64位版操作系统不会带来任何提升。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
而且64位系统还有诸多其他限制,比如驱动程序要求都是64位。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
另外一个假象是用户以为CPU,操作系统,驱动都是64位的,就算是完全的64位系统了,其实不然,因为其他硬件设备也有32位和64位的分别。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
据个例子,很多版载的SATA RAID控制器就是32位的。我们这里几十台Opteron服务器,主板是大厂TYAN的服务器版,用AMD芯片组,但是版载的Silicon Image 3114 SATA RAID芯片就是32位的。。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
有什么影响呢?之前说过硬件设备通过DMA直接访问内存的话受到32位指针影响,也就是说32位的RAID控制器只能访问4GB内存。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
当内存超过4GB时需要通过一种叫IOMMU的技术做映射(AMD64独有,Intel
EM64T不支持,需要操作系统软件方法完成),具体做法是从4GB范围内专门分配一部分内存给32位设备叫做Aperture。当这些设备需要访问超过
4GB的内存时就先写到这个Aperture里面,然后再复制到超过4GB的内存里。不过因为像RAID之类的设备通常数据流量非常大,这个
Aperture会占用很多内存。而且反复的内存复制操作也会影响性能。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
我们这里做过试验,双Opteron,6GB内存,分配每个CPU 1GB Aperture,导致只有4GB可用内存,仍然会出现IOMMU不够用的错误。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
结论是,连价格昂贵的高端服务器主板都使用廉价组件(市场上一般SATA RAID卡几百元一张,而标明64位PCI的卡超过两千),民用主板就不用说了。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
不过现在用超过4GB内存的个人用户屈指可数,所以大家都没想到这个问题吧.。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
最后个人意见,64位系统,还有很长路要走。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
开放源码的系统,比如Linux,因为可以方便地将应用程序重新编译成64位代码,可能会快Windows一步。</span><br style="color: Blue;"><br style="color: Blue;"><span style="color: Blue;">
Windows用户,就只能干等软件厂商跟进了。</span></font> <font style="font-weight: bold;" size="6"><span style="color: Black;">再补充一下资料</span></font><br><br><div class="inlineadsense">
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<p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"> <font size="5"><span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">With
more and more desktop computers and notebooks now equipped with 64-bit
microprocessors and x64 CPUs from Intel and AMD such as AMD Opteron,
AMD Turion 64/64 X2, AMD Sempron, Intel Pentium D/Extreme Edition and
Intel Core 2 Duo, it’s naturally for Windows Vista users to ponder if
they should go for 32-bit or 64-bit edition of Windows Vista, as unlike
Windows XP, both different architecture versions have already been
released to the market.</span>与越来越多的台式电脑和笔记本电脑现在配备的64位微处理器和x64处理器由英特尔和
AMD等的AMD Opteron , AMD炫龙六十四分之六十四x2 , AMD闪龙,英特尔奔腾D / Extreme
Edition和Intel Core 2 Duo处理器,它奇摩自然为Windows
Vista用户思考,如果他们要为32位或64位版本的Windows Vista ,作为Windows
XP的不同,无论是不同的体系结构的版本已经被释放到市场。</span><br><br><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">x64
64-bit microprocessor architecture CPU is backward compatible with x86
(32-bit) architecture (that’s why x64 is sometimes also referred as
x86-64), thus a x64 CPU can runs both 32-bit or 64-bit of Windows Vista.</span> x64的64位微处理器架构的CPU是向后兼容x86 ( 32位)的架构(这就是为什么x64有时也称为的x86 - 64 ) ,因此, x64 CPU可以运行32位或64位的Windows Vista的。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For
users who purchased a branded computer from OEMs such as HP, Dell,
Lenovo, Acer and etc, 32-bit Windows Vista is installed and supplied.</span>为用户谁购买了品牌电脑,从原始设备制造商,如惠普,戴尔,联想,宏基和等32位Windows Vista安装和供应。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In fact, for Vista Basic, Business, and Home Premium,</span>事实上,在Vista的基础,企业和家庭高级版,</span> <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/windowsvista/editions/64bit.mspx" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/articles/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/windowsvista/editions/64bit.mspx');"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">only the 32-bit DVD-ROM is included</span>只有32位的DVD - ROM包含</span> </a><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">.</span> 。</span> <span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Only Vista Ultimate retail box contains both the 32-bit DVD-ROM and 64-bit DVD-ROM.</span>只有Vista的最终零售中包含两个32位元光碟机及64位元的DVD - ROM 。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">To get the 64-bit DVD-ROM media, users need to follow instructions to</span>获得64位的DVD - ROM媒体,用户需要按照说明</span> <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/1033/ordermedia/default.mspx" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/articles/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/1033/ordermedia/default.mspx');"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">order a 32-bit CD-ROM or 64-bit DVD-ROM</span>为了一个32位的CD - ROM或64位的DVD - ROM</span> </a><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">directly from Microsoft for a minimal fee, including shipping and handling charges.</span>直接从Microsoft为最低限度的费用,包括运费及处理费。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This
hassle and cost to run 64-bit Windows Vista must have a lot of people
to think carefully before deciding whether to upgrade and migrate to
64-bit system.</span>这麻烦和成本,运行64位Windows Vista中必须有一个,很多人三思,然后才决定是否升级和迁移到64位系统。</span></font> </p><p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"><font size="5"><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><br></span></font> </p><p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"> <font size="5"><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Theoretically, 64-bit computing system has</span>理论上, 64位计算系统</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit#Pros_and_cons" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/articles/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit#Pros_and_cons');"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">advantages</span>优势</span> </a><span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">and will yield improved performance, other than allows Windows Vista to take advantage of</span>和会带来更好的性能,除了可以让Windows Vista中采取的优势</span> <a href="http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/01/14/windows-vista-32-bit-and-64-bit-x86-and-x64-maximum-supported-ram-physical-memory-limit/zh/"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">more than 4GB of RAM memory</span> 4GB以上的RAM记忆体</span> </a><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">.</span> 。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">However, is it really the case?</span>不过,是否真的如此呢?</span></font> </p><p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"><font size="5"><a href="http://www.flexbeta.net/main/printarticle.php?id=122" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/articles/http://www.flexbeta.net/main/printarticle.php?id=122');"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Flexbeta</span> flexbeta</span> </a><span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">performed
32bit vs 64bit Windows Vista comparison test (albeit on RC1 Vista
release) with the result showing 64-bit Vista hardly any noticeably
faster than 32-bit Vista.</span>演出的32位与64位Windows Vista的比较试验(尽管对RC1的Vista的发布)与结果显示64位Vista中几乎没有任何明显快于32位Vista的。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In some tests 64-bit processing is even slower than 32-bit.</span>在一些测试的64位处理,甚至低于32位。</span> <span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This
scenario is probably due to the fact that a lot of drivers, codecs,
software applications, scripts and etc are still based on 32bit code
base, and haven’t been ported to take advantage of 64-bit system.</span>这种情况可能是由于这样一个事实,即很多司机,编解码器,应用软件,脚本等仍然是基于对32位代码基础,并没有被移植,以利用64位系统。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">There’s also reports of incompatibility hardware drivers and other problems on various</span>也有报告不兼容的硬件驱动程序和其他问题就不同</span> <a href="http://www.avforums.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-467115.html" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/articles/http://www.avforums.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-467115.html');"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">forum threads</span>论坛线程</span> </a><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">.</span> 。</span></font></p><p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"><font size="5"><span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><br></span></font> </p><p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"> <font size="5"><span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">So as for now, may be the better choice for average users will be 32-bit Windows Vista.</span>因此,至于现在,可能是更好的选择,为平均用户将32位的Windows Vista 。</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Hopefully,
do expect all things 64-bit in the near future, as more and more
software and hardware vendor supports 64-bit computing.</span>希望,期望所有的东西, 64位在不久的将来,随着越来越多的软件和硬件厂商支持64位计算。</span> <span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For future proof, 64-bit is definitely the way to go.</span>为今后的证明, 64位,绝对是要走的路。</span></font></p><p style="color: Blue; font-weight: bold;"><font size="5"><br><span style="" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"></span></font></p><font style="font-weight: bold;" size="5"><span style="color: Blue;"><strong><span style="color: Red;">重要说明:</span>您</strong>正在阅读的机器翻译网页是“按原样”提供的担保。 <span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Unlike
human translation, machine translation does not understand the grammar,
semantics, syntax, idioms of natural language, thus often produce
inaccurate and low quality text which is misleading and
incomprehensible.</span>不像人类翻译,机器翻译不明白的语法,语义,语法,成语自然语言,因此,往往产生不准确的和低品质的文字,是具误导性的和难以理解的。 <span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Thus, please refer to</span>因此,请参阅 </span><a style="color: Blue;" href="http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/04/22/32-bit-or-64-bit-x64-windows-vista/"> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">original English article</span>英文原版的文章</span> </a><span style="color: Blue;" onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()"><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/04/22/32-bit-or-64-bit-x64-windows-vista/ whenever possible.</span>只要有可能。</span></font>
[[i] 本帖最后由 南洋 于 2008-7-3 18:47 编辑 [/i]] 学习了,谢谢楼主.
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